Effects of HBV-induced exosomes on macrophage phenotype and function / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of exosomes produced by hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected cells on the phenotype and function of macrophages. 【Methods】 The exosomes secreted by HepAD38 cells, which were capable of producing HBV and HepG2 cells, were collected by ultracentrifugation combined with immunosorbent method.The quality and purity of the extracted exosomes were verified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), scanning electron microscope and Western blot.The M0 THP-1 macrophages differentiated by PMA were stimulated by HepAD38 derived- or HepG2 derived exosomes.Total RNA and protein samples were collected at different time points after stimulation.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect cytokine mRNA and protein expressions, respectively.Meanwhile, neutral red assay was performed to analyze macrophage pinocytosis activity, and a commercial kit was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 macrophages.Human reverse transcription chip detection was performed to obtain the microRNAs profile of the exosomes.And the effect of selected miRNA on macrophages was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. 【Results】 Compared with HepG2-derived exosomes, HepAD38-derived exosomes increased the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNFα significantly.However, no difference of pinocytosis capacity or ROS production was found between the HepAD38-derived exosomes group and HepG2-derived exosomes group.Human reverse transcription chip detection results were verified by KEGG analysis and qRT-PCR, and it was found that miR-6824-3p could also significantly increase the expression levels of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNFα after high expression. 【Conclusion】 This study found that exosomes produced by HepAD38 cells may stimulate macrophages to produce inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNFα through miR-6824-3p, thereby playing a role in HBV infection.

Zika virus infection and transfusion safety / 中国输血杂志

Zika virus(ZIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. ZIKV infection usually causes mild self-limiting disease, and most of the infected patients only developed relatively mild symptoms which were often easily overlooked. However, serious damage of the central nervous system is observed in a few of the infected patients, and microcephaly of embryos and fetuses in pregnant women infected by ZIKV has attracted wide attention in recent years. Although there is a high proportion of asymptomatic infection and a high incidence of viremia, ZIKV has not been included in the routine pathogen screening before blood donation in China yet, and there is a risk of transmission through blood transfusion. This article briefly introduces the biological characteristics, epidemic characteristics, and pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV,, and discusses ZIKV infection and the safety of blood transfusion.